 (Railway) station - A (Railway) Station is a place where trains stop, or where loading and unloading occurs, and where assistance may be available. Also a place where there can be points (facing or trailing) that make it possible for the train to use different routes (source: RNE glossary).
A station can be open or not to the public.
Relationships:
Station is a type of node.
Station is a component of a railway infrastructure. |
| Area - A type of parameter that can describe the surface of, e.g., a wagon. Square metre may be used in some specific cases, with differing precision.
Example: the loading surface of the wagon is 39 m2. |
| Axle load - A type of parameter that describes the allowed axle load and is expressed either in tons per axle (as an integer or with one decimal), or in tons per metre (t/m, linear metre, generally with one decimal). Together they define the so-called track class or categories (defined in the UIC classification), denoted by letters and numerals as A, B1, B2, C2, C3, C4 etc.; the most common one is Class D.
Example: the track class C3 defines the allowable axle load of 22,5 t per axle and 7,2 t/m. |
| Business service - A business service is a service (both railway and logistic) offered by a provider to a customer. Example of business services are transport services on different loading units (e.g. transporting a palette, container, wagon, or a block train), logistic services (e.g. transloading, warehousing, or distribution), complementary and value-added services (e.g. the customs clearance).
A business service constitutes always a contractual relationship between the customer and the service provider (RU, operator, LSP) and involves therefore the customer relationships, contracts, consignment notes, etc. (as described by the Contract concept).
A business service is often characterised by its availability which means that its provider defines where and when and to whom the service may be provided (e.g. a subset of the stations; only on specific days etc.). The availability of services may be also specified on the contractual basis between the service provider and consumer. |
| Buyer - Who is buying (paying) for the goods.
(For the Smart-Rail project and its scope, the relationships to the goods ownership have a minor relevance; this holds true also for the concepts of buyer and seller.) |
| Cargo - A cargo refers to the goods being transported in the train.
Relationships:
A cargo has a type. UN/EDIFACT D.12B Data Element 7085 specifies the Cargo type classification codes, see http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trade/untdid/d12b/tred/tred7085.htm.
A cargo transports goods and therefore refers to one or more goods items.
A cargo may be dangerous. Codes for dangerous goods are defined by the RID convention of OTIF, see http://www.cit-rail.org/en/rail-transport-law/cotif/.
A cargo may have temperature restrictions (e.g., min or max temperature)
A cargo may impose other special handling requirements (e.g. fragile goods). |
| Carrier - The responsible entity who carries the goods (i.e. is responsible for the physical transport) and operates (and owns or rents for its disposal) the means of transportation.
The term of carrier is used most frequently on the road (a road carrier), less on railways where RU is the proper term. Both road carrier and RU are the entities responsible for performing the physical transport and manipulation services. |
| Consignee - Who receives the goods (consumer of a transport service). Sometimes the consignee is the same as the buyer. |
| Consignment - A consignment constitutes the goods transported for the specific customer by a RU, operator, or LSP, under one contract or one consignment note (i.e. as one consignment). It defines the relation between a consignor and a consignee when handling the transport of a cargo from an origin to a destination, according to a contract.
Relationships:
A consignment has an ID.
A consignment has a consignor and a consignee.
A consignment handles a cargo.
A consignment has a requested delivery and a planned delivery place and time.
A consignment has a requested pickup and a planned pickup place and time.
A consignment has a contract. |
| Consignment note - A document confirming/detailing the contract on transport services. Is subject to the international law and standards. May be paper based, or electronic one.
Among the European railways, the electronic data exchange of the consignment note data is used, based on the ORFEUS system provided by RailData. |
| Consignor - Who sends the goods and synonym of shipper (therefore customer of RU or LSP). Sometimes the consignor is the same as the seller. |
 consistsOf |
| Consumer |
| Container - A container is a type of loading unit. Since the 1960s the maritime container has been the standard for intercontinental transport and has been used for many years in road-rail CT for transport between the main European ports and their hinterland.
The International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) defines standards for dimensions, forces and handling equipment. The main characteristics of the ISO container can be summed up as follows:
External width of 2.44 m
Lengths of 20' (6.10 m), 30' (9.15 m) and 40' (12.20 m) |
| contains |
| Contract - Contract of carriage constitutes an agreement between the shipper (customer) and the service provider (i.e. the RU, forwarder, LSP, or other stakeholder). It is subject to the international business and transport law. Generally it follows the CIM convention for railways (Convention Internationale concernant le transport des Marchandises par chemin de fer or International Convention on Carriages of Goods by Rail) with the CIM consignment note; in the Eastern Europe the agreement SMGS of the Organization for Cooperation of Railways (OSJD) applies instead.
This general jurisdiction simplifies concluding the transport contracts; generally only the consignment note needs to be filled to establish the contract. The transport contract has multiple parameters given in the consignment note, as the goods type, transport unit type and count (e.g. count of wagons), goods weight, and specific handling requirements stemming e.g. from the dangerous nature of the goods. |
| Corridor manager - The person with overall responsibility for corridor performance in planning and operational issues, such as train path availability and punctuality. The corridor manager helps to identify shared problems on a corridor and solve these with all the Members concerned. Ensures the RNE strategy is deployed on the corridor. (Source: RNE)
Relationships:
A corridor manager is a role that can be assumed by the IM
A corridor manager manages an infrastructure corridor (which it has been assigned) |
| Depot - A Depot is a place where trains are housed and maintained and from which they are dispatched for service.
Relationships:
Depot is a type of node. |
| Diesel locomotive - A type of locomotive. |
| Disruption - A disruption occurs when some disorder on the rail network leads to disruption of the rail services provided by IMs to RUs, and consequently to train services provided by RUs to their customers. (Source: RNE Network Statement Glossary).
Disruptions can be caused by static restrictions (valid in the time of the path scheduling, e.g. planned closures), and dynamic incidents.
Relationships:
A disruption is given by an IM and announced to RUs.
A disruption is related to a track, station, or railway line, or to a section of the former ones.
A disruption has a timespan for planned closures a static timespan, for unplanned or random disruptions an estimated one.
The IM provides information (defined in TAF TSI): Train Running Interrupted; Infrastructure Restriction
When taking measures upon a major disruption, a new Path Request may be issued (e.g. a diversion route or re-scheduling the slot)
A disruption can be caused by an infrastructure restriction (or other external causes) |
| Electric locomotive - A type of locomotive. |
| ETA - The train traffic is scheduled and controlled based on a precise time (including the time zone). The relevant types of time for the railway traffic are the scheduled time (given by the valid timetable or path), the actual time (given by the real-time traffic), and the estimated time (forecasted for the nearest future). Each of these types comes in the form of a departure time, arrival time, interchange time and others.
Especially relevant types of time for rail are the Estimated Time of Interchange (ETI) and Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) which are a sort of predictive information (and are not available by every IM). RNE TIS includes convoluted algorithms to calculate the ETI/ETA from the current situation in the rail traffic.
ETI/ETA is closely bound to the service providers and other stakeholders which exploit this information.
Relationships:
The RU gets the ETI/ETA from the IM (or from RNE).
The RU provides the information to its customers, i.e. to the LSP, forwarder, or end customer.
The information defines a time (estimated) and a position (location) assigned to a specific train.
The different types of time can be classified in estimated, scheduled and actual times (e.g., Scheduled Time of Arrival, Expected Time of Arrival and Actual Time of Arrival). |
| ETI - The train traffic is scheduled and controlled based on a precise time (including the time zone). The relevant types of time for the railway traffic are the scheduled time (given by the valid timetable or path), the actual time (given by the real-time traffic), and the estimated time (forecasted for the nearest future). Each of these types comes in the form of a departure time, arrival time, interchange time and others.
Especially relevant types of time for rail are the Estimated Time of Interchange (ETI) and Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) which are a sort of predictive information (and are not available by every IM). RNE TIS includes convoluted algorithms to calculate the ETI/ETA from the current situation in the rail traffic.
ETI/ETA is closely bound to the service providers and other stakeholders which exploit this information.
Relationships:
The RU gets the ETI/ETA from the IM (or from RNE).
The RU provides the information to its customers, i.e. to the LSP, forwarder, or end customer.
The information defines a time (estimated) and a position (location) assigned to a specific train.
The different types of time can be classified in estimated, scheduled and actual times (e.g., Scheduled Time of Arrival, Expected Time of Arrival and Actual Time of Arrival). |
| Fifth-Party Logistics Service Provider (5PL) - A Fifth-Party Logistics Service Provider (5PL) aggregates the demands of the 3PL and others into bulk volume for negotiating more favourable rates with airlines and shipping companies. Non asset based, 5PL is an independent supply network operator and it works seamlessly across all disciplines.
5PL may combine the rail services as well in his offer (and therefore may be the customer of a RU; however, 5PL in its versatility it is completely independent of any transport mode. |
| First-Party Logistics Service Provider (1PL) - A First-Party Logistics Service Provider (1PL) is an organization that needs to have goods transported from a point A to a point B. Both the consignor (i.e., sender of goods) and the consignee (i.e., receiver of goods) are first-party logistics service providers. |
| Forwarder - The Forwarder is an organization acting on behalf of somebody else (i.e., a shipper) for arranging (multi-modal) transport of goods compliant with (inter)national laws and regulations. Forwarders do not own themselves the goods.
Relationships:
The forwarder is a customer of a Logistic Service Provider (LSP) or railway undertaking (RU).
The forwarder provides business services to the shippers. |
| Fourth-Party Logistics Service Provider (4PL) - A Fourth-Party Logistics Service Provider (4PL) is an independent, singularly accountable, non-asset based integrator who assembles the resources, capabilities and technology of its own organization and other organizations, including 3PLs, to design, build and run comprehensive supply chain solutions for clients. |
| Frequency - A type of parameter. Important complementary information accompanying the AC voltage is the frequency of the current, expressed in hertz (Hz).
The aforementioned AC voltages have the frequency either of 50 Hz (25 000 V AC) or 16,7 Hz (15 000 Hz, formerly 16 2/3 Hz).
Both voltage and frequency shall be seen rather as a descriptive parameter in the context of Smart-Rail. |
| Goods item - A Goods Item indicates the type of goods transported in a cargo, whereas the cargo is what is handled in a consignment.
Relationships:
Goods Items are defined by NHM codes (Nomenclature Harmonisιe Marchandises), see UIC leaflet 221 or http://www.uic.org/nhm. Besides the code, it is also desirable to provide a textual description of the goods.
A Goods Item specifies the quantity of goods (per type) that are being transported. For example, a goods item of 35 cucumbers has quantity 35 of type Cucumbers, fresh or chilled with NHM code 0707 0005.
A Goods item may specify volume (gross volume), weight (gross weight) and temperature (min and max temperature) of the goods being transported.
A Goods item have a package type (UNECE/CEFACT Trade Facilitation Recommendation No. 21).
A Goods item may also specify an insurance value amount of the goods being transported. |
| handles - a relation between consignment and cargo |
| has applicant |
| has business contract with |
 has cargo type - UN/EDIFACT D.12B Data Element 7085 specifies the Cargo type classification codes, see http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trade/untdid/d12b/tred/tred7085.htm |
| has cargo type - Goods Items are defined by NHM codes (Nomenclature Harmonisιe Marchandises), see UIC leaflet 221 or http://www.uic.org/nhm |
| has consignee |
| has consignor |
| has consumer |
| has contract |
| has Contry code |
| has customer |
| has dangerous goods code - A cargo may be dangerous. Codes for dangerous goods are defined by the RID convention of OTIF, see http://www.cit-rail.org/en/rail-transport-law/cotif/ |
| has description |
| has End node |
| has ID |
| has insurance value amount |
| has latitude |
| has longitude |
| has LRU |
| has name |
| has package type - A Goods item has a package type (UNECE/CEFACT Trade Facilitation Recommendation No. 21). |
| has planned delivery place - a relation between a consignment and its planned delivery place |
| has planned delivery time - a relation between a consignment and its planned delivery time |
| has planned Pickup place - a relation between a consignment and its planned Pickup place |
| has planned Pickup time - a relation between a consignment and its planned Pickup time |
| has position |
| has postal address |
| has provider |
| has quantity |
| has requested delivery place - a relation between a consignment and its requested delivery place |
| has requested delivery time - a relation between a consignment and its requested delivery time |
| has requested pickup place - a relation between a consignment and its requested Pickup place |
| has requested pickup time - a relation between a consignment and its requested Pickup time |
| has restriction |
| has RFC code |
| has role |
| has space |
| has special handling requirement |
| has starting node |
| has timestamp |
| has train type |
| has value |
| hasParameter |
| hasTemperatureRestriction |
| hasTime |
| includes |
| Infrastructure corridor - International market-oriented Rail Freight Corridors (RFCs), established by the Regulation (EU) No 913/2010, define the major directions of the railway freight traffic in Europe. Their purpose is to provide high-level, long-distance and high-quality geographic routes and train paths to be used by the railway undertakings (RUs).
A corridor offers so-called pre-arranged paths (PAPs), which mean a dedicated capacity for international railway freight traffic, to allow seamless path scheduling and traffic control.
Each corridor is designed, however, not as a point-to-point connection of two specific nodes or stations with a specific route, but rather as a set of railway lines connecting major industrial or economic areas of the member states. A corridor may therefore have multiple lines running in parallel.
Relationships:
A corridor is a subset of the network (in the sense of the European network, not of one specific member state)
A corridor is managed by one corridor manager
A corridor includes lines and nodes
A corridor has a name and an RFC code |
| Infrastructure Manager (IM) - The organization managing the railway infrastructure for engineering, reconstruction, maintenance, train scheduling and operation purposes.
Relationships:
The IM provides information about the railway infrastructure.
The IM manages the railway infrastructure and provides access to it.
The IM provides train paths to the RU. |
 Infrastructure restriction - Infrastructure Restrictions are changes to the infrastructure, which would affect the train characteristics agreed between the IM and RU in the contracted timetables. Infrastructure Restrictions are contained in the Infrastructure Restriction Notice Database. Rerouting is included in the database only if this has an effect on the train characteristics. The Infrastructure Restriction Notice Database does not cover train delays. |
| instantiates |
| Intermodal terminal - From the infrastructure manager point of view the following definition is used: Sidings are tracks branching off running tracks that are not part of any running line, on which vehicles are marshalled, stabled (to store locomotives and rolling stock), loaded, unloaded or serviced clear of a running line. (Source: the RNE glossary.)
Generally a railway siding is a separate section of the railway network (usually a minor one), being in the possession of a different stakeholder than the IM.
A railway siding is often used as a place for loading and unloading of goods from the railway freight wagons, or generally for providing the business services (especially the logistic services). For this reason, a siding or its part may be considered a special type of station (which in this case we differentiate using a dedicated concept called siding station).
Relationships:
A siding is connected to one or more infrastructures.
A siding is connected to the public railway infrastructure (or to other sidings) at one or more nodes.
A siding includes one or more siding stations, which are a type of station (may be considered a terminal)
A siding has an owner and an operator (may be different). |
| involves |
| is announced to |
| is Applicant - It is the role assumed by a licensed RU when procuring the infrastructure capacity from the infrastructure manager |
| is defined by |
| is given by |
| is Lead Railway Undertaking (LRU) - It is the role assumed by the RU, when responsible to organize, coordinate and manage the transport line and the RUs involved |
| is measured in |
| is operated by |
| is provided by |
| is responsible for |
| is responsible towards |
| is role of |
| is tracked by |
| isActualTime |
| isAllocatedBy |
| isCancelledBy |
| isCausedBy |
| isCollectionOf |
| isDangerous |
| isEstimatedTime |
| isLocatedIn |
| isManagedBy |
| isPartOf |
| isRelatedTo |
| isRelatedToContract |
| isRelatedToResource |
| isRelatedToRoute |
| isRelatedToRU |
| isScheduledTime |
| isSequenceOf |
| Length - A type of parameter that can describe:
The length of a railway line, of a train route, transport route as a parameter of the service, and other distances; expressed as integers in this sense. In this case the measurement unit is Kilometre (km). Example: the train route has a length of 350 km.
The length of artificial structures (bridges, tunnels, walls), or the length of shorter track sections (as station tracks, usable track length, or also so-called track circuits used in the interlocking technologies, not relevant for Smart-Rail). Expressed generally as an integer; occasionally also with one decimal. In this case the measurement unit is Metre (m). Example: the station track has a length of 658 m. The bridge has a length of 261,8 m.
The length of a train, which is an important parameter for scheduling the traffic and for the operative control. In this sense it is unambiguously expressed as an integer and the measurement unit is Metre (m). Example: the train length amounts to 568 m (without engine), or 585 m (including the engine).
Lengths of the vehicles are often expressed with one decimal, but only when describing them for the technical purposes. The same holds true also for different parts or components of vehicles (with 1-3 decimals, often used mixed). Example: the wagon length amounts to 16,4 m, its loading surface is 14,8 x 2,64 m.
Millimetre (mm) may be used when describing some detailed technical parameters of vehicles, instead of a number in meters with decimals. Example: the loading surface of the wagon is 14 800 x 2 640 mm. |
| Line track - A line track is a part of a railway line or network edge.
Relationships:
The line track has a track gauge, loading gauge gradient, curve radius, voltage, maximum speed, axle load, and may define a subset of vehicle types to operate (to be allowed). |
| Loading Unit - The freight transport (by rail, by road, and especially intermodal) requires adapted equipment (loading units) that can be shipped using several different transport modes and easily manipulated or transloaded. They are specially equipped for vertical loading onto special wagons designed to run at certain speeds.
The loading unit (typically a wagon, container, palette etc.) is often related to the business contract (i.e. the contract or consignment involves transporting and handling a specific number of specific loading units under specific conditions). |
| Location - A location is a place or spot on the railway infrastructure. It is used as a synonym of a node, but actually means that a node (in the sense of graph theory) has a location (in the sense of geographical location).
Besides the stations, the locations include also non-public spots providing no services which are relevant only for the train path allocation.
Relationships:
A location belongs to (is an element of) an infrastructure.
A location has an ID, name, Country code and coordinates.
A location may be a station.
A location is a node. |
| Locomotive - Part of a train. It provides the motive power for a train, pulling or pushing unpowered railway vehicles attached to it. Every train must have at least one locomotive. |
| Logistic service provider (LSP) - A Service Provider provides some business service(s) to others. More specifically, a Logistic Service Provider (LSP) is a provider of logistic services who provides the goods for transport (not necessarily the owner of the goods).
Relationships:
The LSP has a business contract with the RU (symmetric property is valid in both ways).
The LPS provides business service(s) to its customers.
The LSP may operate a terminal. |
| Logistics corridor - In the area of logistic services, as considered in WP4 and WP7, the concept of corridor is used differently than the RFC corridors in the railway network defined by the EU Regulation No. 913/2010. Therefore we differentiate between the concepts of infrastructure corridor (i.e., RFC corridor) and logistics corridor.
The logistic corridor defines a major direction of transport, promoted by the specific logistic operator. This way, the logistic operator can achieve a regular and well utilised service, and due to the economies of scale he can carry the cost advantage also to the more favourable prices for the customer.
Relationships:
A logistic corridor is provided as a service by a LSP.
A logistic corridor has (at least) one starting node and one end node, usually constituted by the logistic terminals.
A logistic corridor has a catch area, defined as a subset of the transport nodes or as a geographical area.
A logistic corridor is related to a RU(s) providing the service and therefore to its or their trains. |
| manages |
| Marshalling yard - A Marshalling Yard is a railway facility equipped with tracks with special layout and technical facilities, where sorting, formation and splitting-up of trains takes place; wagons are sorted for a variety of destinations, using a number of rail tracks. There are 3 types of marshalling yards: flat-shunted yards, hump yards and gravity yards (source: RNE glossary).
The marshalling yards are generally operated by the IM and should be therefore accessible for any RU with their services. Due to significant costs and complexity, however, the actual access is usually limited (not restricted) to the largest RUs.
Relationships:
Marshalling Yard is a type of station which in turn is type of node.
Marshalling Yard is operated by the infrastructure manager
Marshalling Yard provides marshalling services to the RU(s). |
| Measurement - The measurement of the value for a given parameter, according to a measurement unit and with a timestamp to identify when the measurement applies to the parameter |
| Measurement unit - The measurement unit associated to a certain measurement (which in turn relates to a certain parameter of interest for a resource). |
| Node - A node is a network connection point or a point where the network can be joined (source: RNE glossary). In railway terms this often refers to train stations.
Relationships:
A node has an ID, name, Country code and coordinates
Type of nodes are Station, Terminal, Marshalling Yard, Depot and Warehouse |
| obtains ETA |
| obtains ETI |
| obtains info about |
| obtains position |
| occures in |
| operates |
| Operator - A generic term for any subject who operates (not necessarily owns) the means of transportation or organises the transport.
Sometimes the word "operator" (i.e. a "road operator" or "railway operator") is used also for a carrier or railway undertaking (RU); however, strictly speaking this usage is incorrect, as the carrier or RU is a supplier of an operator. |
| owns |
| Parameter - Any parameter that measures a value of interest for resources in Smart Rail (e.g., length, weight of trains, wagons, etc.). Therefore a parameter relates to a resource. Further, a parameter relates to a possible measurement that provides the value of that parameter at certain a point in time, according to a certain measurement unit. Different measurement units can be used for measurements of the same parameter depending on the specific situation and resource under consideration. |
 permanent |
| planned |
| Position - A type of parameter that describes the position of various objects on the railway line (signals, bridges, tunnels, level crossings etc.) which need to be positioned with a high precision. Defined as the so-called kilometrage (with each railway line having its own scale with the specified zero point), generally as a real number with precision to three decimals. The measurement unit is Kilometre (km).
Example: the station building is located in km 149,265. |
| Profile - Type of parameter of interest in a train. Profile (or Loading Gauge) is the maximum dimensions of trains that a specific route can allow; in other words, the profile through which a railway vehicle and its loads must pass, taking into account tunnels and track side obstacles. Profiles (loading gauges) correspond to reference (static and kinematic) profiles expressed in terms of Width and Height, as defined by European or worldwide UIC standards (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loading_gauge#European_standards). |
| Provider |
| provides access to |
| provides business service |
| provides ETA |
| provides ETI |
| provides info about |
| provides path |
| provides position |
| provides vehicle |
| Railway Infrastructure - A (Railway) Infrastructure is a geographically defined subset of the railway network managed by one IM and includes also the signaling, overhead wiring, ICT systems, regulations etc. necessary for the RUs to access the railway network.
On the other hand, a concept of the railway infrastructure may be seen broader than the railway network (in the functional sense), as it includes also signaling, overhead wiring, ICT systems, regulations etc. and other facilities necessary for the train traffic, which are not included in the network itself.
Relationships:
A railway infrastructure is part of a railway network
A railway infrastructure is managed by an IM |
| Railway line - A (Railway) Line is one or more adjacent running tracks forming a route between two points (source: RNE glossary).
Relationships:
A line has only two nodes.
A line consists of one or more adjacent running tracks
A line may be part of an infrastructure corridor. |
| Railway network - The (European) railway network includes all the tracks, stations, lines, and terminals necessary to schedule and run the trains (i.e. the "geographic" network).
An IM manages a geographically defined subset of the railway network, called an infrastructure, which includes also the signaling, overhead wiring, ICT systems, regulations etc. necessary for the RUs to access the railway network.
Relationships:
A network consists of one or more infrastructures.
A network is a collection of one or more lines and nodes.
A network may contain one or more infrastructure corridors |
| Railway Terminal Operator - An optionally independent operator of a generic railway terminal, or a freight station, shunting station, or industry railway.
Relationships:
A railway terminal operator provides its services to the RUs, IM(s), and possibly other stakeholders. |
| Railway Terminal Operator - AThe Railway Operator is a party that organizes rail transports, but does not necessarily undertake it themselves. In this sense, a railway operator is a sort of forwarder and is generally a customer of a RU.
Note that railway operator is sometimes used as a generic term to refer to the railway undertaking, but this is actually incorrect.
Relationships:
The railway operator is a customer of an RU.
The railway operator provides business services to the shippers or LSPs. |
| Railway Undertaking (RU) - The Railway Undertaking (RU) is the entity responsible for running the trains and must have a valid license that shows that is authorized to run the train.
Relationships:
The RU obtains information about the railway infrastructure.
The RU applies for a train path by submitting a Path Request
The RU operates trains (owned or rented).
The RU transports the cargo (consignments) for its customers (shippers or LSPs).
The RU may also assume the following roles:
Lead Railway Undertaking (LRU) - is the role assumed by the RU, when responsible to organize, coordinate and manage the transport line and the RUs involved
Applicant - is the role assumed by a licensed RU when procuring the infrastructure capacity from the infrastructure manager |
| refers to consignment |
| refers to consignment note |
| refers to goods item |
| refers to train |
| relates to measurement |
| relates to parameter |
| relates to resource |
| relates to train |
| requests |
| Resource |
| Role |
| Route - The route is the geographical way to be taken from a starting point to a point of destination (source: TAF TSI), or consecutive lines and nodes as a whole between a defined source and target (source: UIC definition).
A route differs from a path, as a route can be seen on a map and has a physical existence, unlike a path, which is part of a timetable (source: RNE glossary).
Relationships:
A route is a sequence of nodes and it has a starting node and an ending node |
| Second-Party Logistics Service Provider (2PL) - A Second-Party Logistics Service Provider (2PL) is an asset-based carrier who carries the goods and operates (and actually owns) the means of transportation. Typical 2PLs would be shipping lines which own, lease or charter their ships; airlines which own, lease or charter their planes and truck companies which own or lease their trucks. Similarly on railways, the railway undertaking (RU) may be considered a 2PL. |
| Seller - Who is selling (getting paid) for the goods. |
| Semi trailer - A semi-trailer is a type of loading unit. In compliance with road vehicle standards (13.60 m - maximum allowed on the road), semi-trailers are loaded onto wagons by means of gantries or mobile cranes equipped with pincers. |
| Shipper - A shipper is an end customer of the transport who provides goods to be transported and orders transport services; it is therefore the customer of the transport service. Sometimes the shipper is the same as the seller. Consignor is a synonym of shipper.
Relationships:
The shipper is a customer of a LSP or a railway undertaking.
The shipper orders business services.
The shipper issues orders and instructions about its shipment.
The shipper receives information on their goods (cargo or consignments). |
| Siding - From the infrastructure manager point of view the following definition is used: Sidings are tracks branching off running tracks that are not part of any running line, on which vehicles are marshalled, stabled (to store locomotives and rolling stock), loaded, unloaded or serviced clear of a running line. (Source: the RNE glossary.)
Generally a railway siding is a separate section of the railway network (usually a minor one), being in the possession of a different stakeholder than the IM.
A railway siding is often used as a place for loading and unloading of goods from the railway freight wagons, or generally for providing the business services (especially the logistic services). For this reason, a siding or its part may be considered a special type of station (which in this case we differentiate using a dedicated concept called siding station).
Relationships:
A siding is connected to one or more infrastructures.
A siding is connected to the public railway infrastructure (or to other sidings) at one or more nodes.
A siding includes one or more siding stations, which are a type of station (may be considered a terminal)
A siding has an owner and an operator (may be different). |
| Siding station - A railway siding is often used as a place for loading and unloading of goods from the railway freight wagons, or generally for providing the business services (especially the logistic services). For this reason, a siding or its part may be considered a special type of station (which in this case we differentiate using a dedicated concept called siding station). |
| Speed - A type of parameter that describes the Speed (track speed, scheduled train speed, actual train speed etc.) and is generally given in kilometres per hour (km/h). Other units as metres per second (m/s) are seldom used; one of the exceptions may be the speed of vehicles on the hump yard. |
| Stakeholder - Entity (phisiycal person, organization, etc.) inovolved in and/or affected to some extent by the Smart Rail project |
| Station track - A station track is a part of a station. In the railway stations (i.e. nodes), a track serves for running a train through, for parking a train, or for any manipulations involved in the train traffic, as attaching and detaching vehicles, changing a lock, attaching a banking lock or additional traction, or loading and unloading the wagons.
Relationships:
A station track has an identification, determination (as principal track, loading track etc.), a track gauge, voltage, a length, and possibly further limitations.
A station track is used to identify the train position |
| Swap body - A Swap body is a type of loading unit. Being the most commonly used transport unit for road-rail CT, the swap body has its origin in the road system.
The European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) has developed standards for the swap body. Two classes of swap body predominate:
Class C with lengths of 7.15 m, 7.45 m or 7.82 m (standard EN 284)
Class A with lengths of 12.50 m or 13.60 m (standard EN 452) |
| Temperature - A type of parameter that is used to for certain restrictions of cargo's transported in railway vehicles, e.g., min and max temperature for refrigerated goods. |
| temporary |
| Terminal - A (Freight) terminal is a station where handling of goods takes place (goods are loaded on, or unloaded from, transport vehicles). May also include shunting of rail vehicles (wagons) between trains, without any (un)loading. May include open access and privately-owned industrial tracks, tracks of warehouses, loading places, Ro-La loading places, container loading places, loading areas and trans-shipment sidings (source: RNE glossary).
Relationships:
Terminal is a type of station which in turn is type of node.
A terminal is related to the business services (transport services) provided by a RU or LSP.
A terminal is operated by the terminal operator |
| Third-Party Logistics Service Provider (3PL) - A Third-Party Logistics Service Provider (3PL) provides outsourced or 'third party' logistics services to companies for part or sometimes all of their supply chain management functions. 3PL provides composite services to its customers, like transport and warehousing, (re-)packing, etc.
Forwarder is not a LSP, as he only intermediates the transport services (or their combination) and does not provide any service physically. |
| Time - A type of parameter that describes various temporal elements:
Generally the prevailing unit for measuring the time is minute where the information is expressed either in minutes as an integer, or in hours and minutes. This way, both time information on a certain point in time and on a timespan may be given.
Example: the train departure is at 12:48; the trip length is 3:56; delay of the train amounts to 140 min.
Day (date) is also used often, mostly defining the day of departure, day of operation etc. Days of operation of a specific train may be also defined by the so-called calendar, which is basically a subset of the days in the year, or may be defined by specific parameters.
Example: the train departure is scheduled on 12th March 2017, 12:48; the train operates regularly (has calendar) on Mondays, except of the Easter Monday, and except of the period from 15th December to 10th January.
Sometimes the time is defined only in hours specifically as the loading time given by the shipper on the consignment note.
Seconds are seldom used in the railway operation. They may be used in a technical context, as the response time of a technical device, idle time of various resources, etc.
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| Track - A Track is a pair of rails over which rail borne vehicles can run.
Relationships:
A track has various parameters relevant for scheduling the train services. |
| Train - A train consists of one or more railway vehicles capable of being moved. It may consist of a locomotive (sometimes more than one) to provide power with various unpowered vehicles attached to it. It may consist of a multiple unit, i.e. several vehicles formed into a fixed formation or set, which carry their own power and do not require a locomotive. A train may be only a locomotive running light (deadheading) to a point elsewhere on the railway. A train may carry passengers, freight or, rarely nowadays, both (source: RNE glossary). In the Smart-Rail project passenger trains are out of the scope.
Relationships:
A train consists of vehicles (and has a count of number of vehicles)
A train has a train identification, type, weight, length, speed, axle weight, brake type, number of axles and gives an indication if it carries dangerous goods. |
| Train Path - A Train Path is the infrastructure capacity needed to run a train between two places over a given time-period (route defined in time and space) (source: TAF TSI). The term slot is often used as synonym of path.
Relationships:
A path is related to a route (a path defines a route in time and space as part of a timetable).
A path is related to time (a path defines a route in time and space as part of a timetable).
A path has a location.
A path is allocated or cancelled by an Infrastructure Manager.
A path is related to a Railway Undertaking. |
| Train position - A train position is information on the position within the railway network (given as the geographic coordinates, or as a location code on the railway network), with a timestamp, assigned to a specific train of a specific RU.
The train position is the most important information for tracking the cargo and for any operative control.
The information may be obtained either from the IM (which gives the most accurate and generally the most reliable data, however only with the granularity of stations), or independently by the RU itself (usually via GPS installed on the loco or sometimes on the wagons; gives the up-to-the-second position, however may not match with the railway infrastructure), or from surrogate data sources entered by hand (as e-mail, other electronic means, or phone announcement).
Relationships:
The RU gets the train position from the IM.
The RU provides the train position to its customers, i.e. to the LSP, forwarder, or end customer.
The train position has a timestamp, i.e. a datetime value for which the position is given.
The IM provides information (defined in TAF TSI): Train Position; Train Running Information, Train Running Forecast. |
| Transport service - A Transport Service is a service provided by the RU, operator, terminal operator, or LSP, to a customer, in which a cargo is transported by rail from an origin to a destination.
Relationships:
A transport service is related to a corridor and a path.
A transport service is related to the infrastructure manager.
A transport service is related to the railway undertaking, operator, or LSP (generally to a business service provider). |
| transports |
| unexpected |
| Vehicle - DIRECTIVE 2008/57/EC, Art. 2: 'a railway vehicle that runs on its own wheels on railway lines, with or without traction. |
| Vehicle keeper - The person or entity that, being the owner of a vehicle or having the right to use it, exploits the vehicle as a means of transport and is registered as such; a Leasing Company or a Railway Undertaking can be a vehicle keeper. Even in the case of a rental the RU is the vehicle keeper.
Relationships:
A vehicle keeper is responsible for handling the vehicle towards the IM and for its technical condition
A vehicle keeper is providing the vehicle to its customers to realise the business services |
| Vehicle owner - An entity that has the proprietary control of the vehicle as a capital asset. May be the current keeper of the vehicle, or may be also not.
Some RUs are vehicle owners for themselves; others, having only the role of a licenced body towards the IM, may rent the rolling stock from a Leasing Company, which is the vehicle owner in this case.
Relationships:
A vehicle owner provides (rents) the railway vehicles (locomotives and wagons) to the RU (or possibly to other subjects, i.e. LSPs). |
| Voltage - A type of parameter. Voltage is generally expressed in volts (V) or kilovolts (kV) and is used to describe the standardized operating voltage of the overhead wiring. It is recommended to keep volts as the basic unit.
An additional parameter is the voltage system of AC (alternating current) or DC (direct current).
The most significant voltage systems being used on the European railways are 3000 V (3 kV) DC, 1500 V (1,5 kV) DC, 15 000 V (15 kV) AC, and 25 000 V (25 kV) AC. |
| Volume |
| Wagon - Wagon is a type of a loading unit and at the same time it constitutes a business service (called usually SWL or Single Wagon Load, or LTTL or Less-Than-Train-Load when transporting multiple wagons, but less than a block train devoted for one customer).
A wagon has many parameters or characteristics, namely the technical ones (as the dimensions, usable load etc.), business ones (NHM code, tariff treatments etc.), and the railway traffic ones (as the braking type, or wagon number and order).
Relationships:
A Wagon has a number
A Wagon has a certain position on the train |
| Wagon-Vehicle - OTIF definition: 'a railway vehicle, not provided with a means of traction, which is intended to carry goods.'
Relationships:
A wagon has a vehicle has certain parameters associated to it such as Brake type of wagon, Brake weight of wagon, Max speed of wagon, Number of axles, Wagon length, Air brake type and Wagon weight for an empty wagon. |
| Warehouse - A Warehouse is a place for storage of goods.
Relationships:
Warehouse is a type of node.
A warehouse is related to a LSP providing its services. |
| Weight - A type of parameter that can describe:
Mass or weight of a train or a wagon (both empty and loaded) is generally expressed in tons (t), in most cases as an integer, seldom with one decimal. It is an important parameter for scheduling the traffic and for the operative control.
Also the braking weight, although a sort of artificial concept, is expressed generally in tons; the braking percentage is then derived dividing by the total train weight.
Example: the train weight amounts to 2651 t (without the engine), or 2739 t (including the engine).
Weight of the consignment (shipment) or cargo may be also expressed in kilogrammes (kg), especially on the consignment note. Example: the consignment weight given by the shipper is 34 850 kg. |